When most people think about disability insurance, they imagine freak accidents or rare conditions. But the reality is a lot more common—and often a lot more preventable.

According to industry data from Unum, one of the leading disability insurance carriers, the top reasons people file both long-term and short-term disability claims are things many of us or our coworkers have already experienced. And if you’re an employer, that matters.

Let’s take a look at the most common reasons people are stepping away from work—and why offering disability benefits is no longer optional in today’s workplace.

Long-Term Disability

Top Causes of Long-Term Disability (LTD) Claims

1. Cancer
According to disability claims data from Unum, cancer has remained the top cause of long-term disability for over a decade, accounting for 16% of all LTD cases. While treatments and return-to-work outcomes have improved over the years, cancer still significantly impacts people’s ability to work—and their income stability.

2. Back Disorders
Back issues make up over 15% of LTD claims, and they’re not just a short-term concern. Poor ergonomics, repetitive strain, or prior injuries can develop into long-term conditions that require extended time off.

3. Injuries (Non-Back Related)
Nearly 10% of LTD claims stem from unexpected injuries. These can range from car accidents to falls, and they highlight how unpredictable life can be.

4. Mental and Behavioral Health Conditions
Tied closely with injury-related claims, mental health issues now account for nearly 10% of LTD claims as well. Unfortunately, many traditional medical plans don’t offer the depth of support needed, which is where disability coverage can be a lifeline.

5. Circulatory Disorders
Heart-related issues make up about 9% of LTD claims. High blood pressure, heart attacks, and other circulatory conditions can hit without warning and often require significant recovery time.

Short-Term Disability

Top Causes of Short-Term Disability (STD) Claims

1. Maternity Leave
Normal pregnancies account for nearly 19% of short-term claims. For employers, offering STD coverage is one way to support working parents through a critical life transition.

2. Injuries
Injuries that aren’t back-related still make up a significant chunk—more than 10%—of STD claims. Even minor injuries can sideline employees for weeks.

3. Pregnancy Complications
Nearly 8.5% of claims result from complications during pregnancy—another strong argument for inclusive benefits that support women’s health at work.

4. Digestive Disorders
Surprisingly, digestive issues make up about 8% of STD claims. These might include conditions like ulcers, Crohn’s disease, or other chronic GI problems.

5. Back Disorders
Back issues show up again here, making up over 7% of STD claims. Clearly, this is an area where preventive care and supportive benefits matter.

How We Help Employers + Employees Alike

If you’re an employer, offering disability coverage (both short- and long-term) is one of the most impactful ways to protect your workforce. With roughly 65% of Americans living paycheck to paycheck, even a few weeks without income can create real financial distress.

We help employers evaluate disability insurance options that fit their team’s needs and budget—and we don’t stop there. When an employee has to file a claim, we guide them through the process to help them receive payments faster and with less stress.

Whether you’re an employer looking to enhance your benefits package or an individual exploring coverage for yourself or your family, our team is here to help. Let’s talk about what the right disability insurance could mean for your peace of mind.

Want to explore disability insurance options?
Contact our team today or visit our website for more information.

Sources

• Unum Group, Cancer is Leading Reason for Long-Term Absence From Work, May 1, 2014. Read More
• Pillsbury & Coleman LLP, Unum Announces Leading Causes of Long-Term Disability Claims, 2012. Read More
• Unum Group, Cancer and Pregnancy Top Reasons for Using Disability Insurance Benefits, April 28, 2015. Read More

This article is intended to provide general information on disability insurance trends and employee benefits and should not be construed as legal, tax, or insurance advice. The information shared here is not a substitute for personalized consultation regarding your organization’s specific needs. For guidance tailored to your situation, please consult a licensed attorney, tax advisor, or benefits professional. © 2025 Apex Benefit Group. All rights reserved.